Change Essay Free Essays

Change Essay All change has consequences. In Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg address 1863, John F. Kennedy’s 1961 Inaugural Speech 1963 and â€Å"Forgotten Jelly† by Megan Jacobson a story from the perspective of an overweight girl who is blinded by her attitude from her friend’s battle with anorexia, both the positive and negative consequences of change are explored. We will write a custom essay sample on Change Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The effects of change are demonstrated in many different ways, however, they all attempt to convey a central aspect of change; that all change has ramifications. As highlighted in Lincoln’s Gettysburg address, he conveys to the audience that they must put aside their differences and instead draw on the heritage that they share. His phrase â€Å"our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation† unites the audience as they ponder their similarities with the South. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address also reflects on the history shared by all Americans as he attempts to unite them behind the goal of world peace in the context of the Cold War â€Å"We are the heirs of the first revolution†¦ Let the word go forth that the torch has passed to a new generation of Americans†. This utilization of emotive language aims to unify of all America by provoking their natural patriotism. The greatest barrier to change can be our sense of self. Jacobson’s â€Å"Forgotten Jelly† explores this through the eyes of an overweight girl who fails to recognise the trauma her friend is going through. Jacobson employs hyperbole to convey to the reader how self-obsessed the narrator is. â€Å"Body quaking more than Tokyo† suggests that she wants to draw focus to herself. It also supports how badly damaged her self body image is. This is also explained by Lincoln when he invokes the â€Å"great civil war† America is engaged in, which he is not sure the nation can endure. Lincoln varies his sentences to emphasise the importance of the crossroads the nation is at and how they must look beyond themselves to a bigger picture. This notion is illuminated in his words â€Å"but in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate. † A united will can effect great change. In Kennedy’s Inaugural Address he knew he must inspire his people to enable them to help bring peace throughout the world. The United States was again at a crossroads with the Cold War at its height, Kennedy had become president by the narrowest of margins in history. His speech represents a turning point as nearly 75% of Americans expressed approval of Kennedy following his address. Kennedy immediately invoked both God and the shared heritage of the American citizens, to immediately unite his audience behind his call to unity as well as infusing his speech with a sense of higher purpose. I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed. † Similarly, Lincoln is the leader of a country at a critical point, the civil war has dragged on for several years. He invokes the Declaration of Independence the most sacred text in America to emphasise the fact that they must unite, before they destroy themselves. His reliance on inclusive language, specifically the word â€Å"we† which threads throughout the speech, binds the audience to a shared goal, it is as if th e speaker in in effect all Americans. Lincoln also employs biblical referencing â€Å"fourscore and seven years ago†, the elegant ring of the biblical phrasing draws his audience to him as if he represents a form of higher power. Change can have both positive and negative consequences. This idea is conveyed in all three texts. Lincoln explains that the positive aspects will be that all men will be equal after the completion of the war. However, he also expresses regret that it has come to the point where people must give their lives so that everyone can be treated justly. This idea is underscored in the quote â€Å"All men are created equal†¦ those here gave their lives so that that nation may live. † Kennedy too notes that change has brought about many great endeavours as well as the â€Å"power to abolish all forms of human poverty. † He does express concern over that fact that mankind â€Å"has the power to abolish all forms of human life. † And Jacobson reflects on how the persona is now able to realise that she is not the centre of the universe, she is now able to help her friend in her darkest hour and become a better person for it. No-one noticed me†¦ I didn’t notice me. † This places in the spotlight the mental change she undertakes by employing repetition to highlight the fact. Change does not always come easily and can take time to accomplish. The complexity of change is emphasised by both Kennedy and Lincoln. Kennedy, whilst uniting his people behind him in a pledge for world peace explains that t his change may not even happen in our lifetime. â€Å"This will not be finished in the first 100 days†¦ The first 1000 days†¦ Nor perhaps in our lifetime on the planet. But let us begin. † This draws his people in to him with the utilization of prepetition to illustrate the fact they can be world leaders. Lincoln conveys this message through the phrase â€Å"dedicated to the great task remaining before us† which employs high modality to illuminate that while they are dedicating this war cemetery to the dead. They must remember that their duty is to the living and fostering a better world for the future generations. Accordingly, change has consequences, both positive and negative. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address that when resisted it can undermine national unity and indeed perpetuate war. Change can also be embraced positively not only by a certain group of people, but the whole world as represented in Kennedy’s Inaugural Address. Change can come without choice and lead to new insights, as revealed in Jacobson’s â€Å"Forgotten Jelly. † Change transforms, be it mental or physical, individual or universal it allows people to grow. Word count 1,131 By Jim Nash How to cite Change Essay, Essay examples

Role Of Music In The Treatment Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

Question: Discuss about the Role Of Music In The Treatment Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity. Answer: Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental mental disorder that affects the attention paying ability of teens and kids around the world. The symptoms of this disease generally appears after the age of twelve and it may result in decreased performance in school, cognitive ability, impairment. However, according to some researchers, distractions such as music and volume has enhancing effects on the cognitive development of the children suffering from ADHD (Cahill et al., 2012). In this critical analysis, a research design to answer the proposed research questions is going to be discussed. Relevancy of that with some recent research literatures are going to be discussed. Research question The prime aim of the research is to find out the relationship between music and reduction in the adverse effects of ADHD in children. The use of medication to treat the patients with ADHD can lead to several negative effects as well. Children some time suffer with loss of appetite, sleepless ness, mood swings, and headaches and so on. Therefore, the need for interventions to treat the disorder with some effective ways other than medication has increased (Zhang et al., 2012). This critical analysis proposed few research questions regarding ADHD and such as- What is the role of music therapy in the treatment of ADHD? Which one is associated with lower level of impulsivity, rock or country music? What is the association music intervention with lower level of impulsivity on ADHD? Further, a research design to find the answers to these research questions has been mentioned in the next section of this analysis. Research designs To find the answers of the proposed research questions, a proper research design need to be created. The research design that has been chosen for this research topic in quantitative research study. Randomized Clinical Trial or RCT will be used for the research (Neff Germer, 2013). The sampling, methodology and process are going to be discussed. Sampling The sampling method, that has been chosen for sample population is probability-sampling technique. In this technique, every individual in the public bears a chance to be selected as a member in the RCT study. Within this technique, a random selection process will be carried out to select the children for trial group as well as the control group. The prime advantage of this sampling technique is that, it represents the entire population due to its random selection method. Methodology After the selection of the population for the randomized control trial, the members will be divided into two groups, namely intervention group and the control group. Total 50 children will be selected for the intervention research within which, 25 children will be a part of intervention team, and other 25 will be a part of control team. The intervention team will go through the music intervention. Few of them will listen to rock music whereas others will listen to country music. The other group will not be a part of intervention and will continue the medication only. Process and timeline The research process will be survey based and the participants will fill the survey questionnaire thrice during the research. Firstly, before commencement of research so that the initial cognitive and responsive ability of the population can be assessed. Secondly, in between of the interventions. This will help to understand the short time effect of the intervention applied. Finally, the third survey will be carried out while finishing the intervention. The survey will contain some questions to assess the cognitive as well as attention paying ability. The timeframe of the research will depend upon the sample population. The research will be carried out for 6 months and the surveys will be conducted in the first, fourth and sixth month of the intervention, as per the rules of Randomized Control Trial (RCT). The flow diagram for the research design has been mentioned in the appendix. Relevancy to public health background of the research literature reviews According to some recent research articles, they have also found the randomized control trail or RCT useful for the experiment about music intervention. Cogo-Moreira et al. (2013) uses RCT to find out the ability of music to increase cognitive development and attention paying ability. 235 children were selected in that RCT method within which 114 were given the intervention, and 121 children were participated as control for the study. The method to analyze the intervention was according to the study. They used two different analysis techniques to confirm the results. On the other hand, Mehr et al. (2013) also used the RCT to understand the effect of music and art on the cognition ability of children. They selected 29 children of four-year age for the intervention and another 29 for the control. They provided those children with music classes of 45 minutes for four months. Simultaneously, they were tested for their numeric and analytical abilities, and therefore they were able to coll ect the result on spot. These papers shows that RCT will be relevant and appropriate to find out the results of the proposed research questions of this discussion. Gaps found in the recent research The first research done by Cogo-Moreira et al. (2013), used RCT technique to assess the effect of music intervention in the cognitive development of children affected with ADHD. However, it had few research gaps. Such as, some of the population children were learning music from a younger age with school studies; therefore, the result was note solely because of the music intervention. Some students were accustomed to such situation hence; the argument is not properly justified. On the other hand, research by Mehr et al. (2013) also had few research gaps. The first gap was providing students either arts or music class. This hinders the researchers to compare the effect of intervention. Secondly, the statistical process they used for the evaluation of the data was weak and unable to collect the exact data. Conclusion Globally around 4.6 million children between the ages of 4 to 17 have been reported of having ADHD and are unable to perform, that is affecting their self-esteem. According to the Australian Guideline on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2009) reports, 6.8 percent of children in Australia is suffering from ADHD and medication is showing adverse effect on them. Therefore, need for an alternative intervention has forced researchers to see music as an intervention to increase the cognitive strengths in kids. This analysis creates a research design using RCT as a technique to answer the research questions that has been proposed. References Cahill, B. S., Coolidge, F. L., Segal, D. L., Klebe, K. J., Marle, P. D., Overmann, K. A. (2012). Prevalence of ADHD and its subtypes in male and female adult prison inmates.Behavioral Sciences the Law,30(2), 154-166. Cogo-Moreira, H., de Avila, C. R. B., Ploubidis, G. B., de Jesus Mari, J. (2013). Effectiveness of music education for the improvement of reading skills and academic achievement in young poor readers: a pragmatic cluster-randomized, controlled clinical trial.PloS one,8(3), e59984. Mehr, S. A., Schachner, A., Katz, R. C., Spelke, E. S. (2013). Two randomized trials provide no consistent evidence for nonmusical cognitive benefits of brief preschool music enrichment.PloS one,8(12), e82007. Neff, K. D., Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self?compassion program.Journal of clinical psychology,69(1), 28-44. Zhang, F., Liu, K., An, P., You, C., Teng, L., Liu, Q. (2012). Music therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents.The Cochrane Library.

Space Exploration (1906 words) Essay Example For Students

Space Exploration (1906 words) Essay Space ExplorationSPACE EXPLORATION: FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTUREEver since the beginning of time, mankind has been fascinated with wonders of space. Before the mid-1900s, all mankind could do was gaze at the stars from Earth and wonder what it would be like to go into space. Man would look through telescopes and make theories on how the universe worked. During the mid-1900s, mankind finally was able to send a man into space and explore the wonders of space first hand. So why do humans explore space? Well, it is our fascination with the unknown. At first, all mankind did was look up and wonder how things became what they are now. We started to think that all celestial bodies revolved around the Earth, and the Earth was the center of the entire universe. Galileo Galelie later disproved this theory. Even with growing knowledge in the field, it was not until 1957 when the first Earth orbiter, the Soviet’s Sputnik 1, was sent into space and placed in orbit at an altitude of 1,370 miles and weighed 184 pounds. Later in that year, the Soviets sent Sputnik 2 into space with a dog named Laika. Laika was the first animal to venture into space. Then in 1985, the United States successfully sent their very own satellite into space. In 1960, the Soviets launched to dogs into space and successfully returned them to Earth. We will write a custom essay on Space Exploration (1906 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now From this point started the space race. The space race was a challenge between the USSR and the United States to see who could land a man on the moon first. In 1961, the first man in space was cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin who was in space for 60 minutes before returning to Earth in Vostok 1 and was sent by the USSR. Astronaut Shepard flew the first manned sub-orbital space-flight by the Americans. The first true American orbital flight was by John Glen and he stayed in space for five hours in Mercury 6 in 1962. Then in 1963, the USSR sent the first woman into space; her name was Valentina Tereshkova-Nikaleva. They also had the first person to take a space-walk in 1965. In 1968, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA tested the first Saturn 5 rocket, which would be used for the Apollo missions. The first manned Apollo missions and the first flight around the moon took place in 1968. Finally, on July 21, 1969, the United States placed the first man on the moon winning the space race. The challenge for mankind at present is placing a human on Mars. We have already sent probes on to Mars and roamed some of its terrain with the rover known as Sojourner. Sojourner was taken to Mars on NASA‘s Mars Pathfinder and was the first wheeled vehicle to operate on another planetary surface. The Mars pathfinder sent photographs, atmospheric measurements, and a few other important data that will contribute to taking a man to Mars. While pathfinder sent data, Sojourner examined rocks and soil samples with a camera and Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer, providing useful data on chemical compositions and radiation bounced back from rocks and dust. The mission finally ended when the Pathfinder stopped responding to commands from NASA. NASA has sent two other probes to Mars, but both malfunctioned and were destroyed on impact on the Martian surface. The US and a few other countries have joined together and are constructing the International Space Station or the ISS. The ISS is scheduled to be completed in 2004 and will be continuously occupied by up to seven crewmembers. The space station is envisioned to be a world-class research facility in which scientist can study Earth and space, as well as explore the medical effects of long durations of weightlessness in space and the behavior of materials in a weightlessness environment, and the practicality of space manufacturing techniques. .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 , .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .postImageUrl , .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 , .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963:hover , .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963:visited , .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963:active { border:0!important; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963:active , .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963 .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21c7459d13a92173979b8cdd7207c963:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne, Is A Story That Is Thick EssayNow, the future of space exploration depends on many factors. Some of these factors are as followed: how much technology advances, how political forces change rivalries as well as partnerships with other nations, and how important space exploration is to the general public. NASA is working on a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle, but until it is until then, NASA plans to us the space shuttle fleet to the year 2012. It is clear that mankind has devoted itself to the exploration of the unknown and that we are committed to find new planets on which man cal live and prosper. Missiles were first used t o take man into space. In the Gemini and Mercury missions, missiles without warheads and a compartment for the astronauts was used to get into space. On the other hand, the Saturn 5 Rockets were used in the Apollo missions to reach orbit and land on the moon. This method became too expensive so NASA was forced to develop a reusable space craft. As a result, NASA designed the space shuttle, which is used today. The shuttle takes off like a rocket with an external fuel tank and two solid rocket boosters. The two rocket boosters, which are attached to the external fuel tank, provide additional thrust during lift off and are discarded after first two minutes from take off. They are then retrieved from the ocean to be fixed, refueled, and reused. The external fuel tank supply additional fuel to the three onboard engines and is detached from the shuttle, orbiter, after reaching orbit. Another spacecraft is the X-33 is a single stage orbiter and a smaller version of the venture star. Both of these crafts will be launched like a shuttle but without any additional boosters. They will be able to land, get refueled and loaded with cargo, positioned vertically, and take off within hours. It will make travel to space faster, safer and cheaper. The two crafts will use the spike engine that allows the craft to reach orbit without gong through different stages during lift off. The X-33 and the Venture Star will allow companies to put satellites in orbit for a cheaper cost. Space travel does take its effect on humans. Piloted space flights have to supply oxygen, food, and water for their occupants and even longer flights need to have a way to dispose of or recycle waste. The even longer flights, spacecrafts will eventually need to become mostly self-sufficient. The astronauts will have to exercise and since the astronauts will be weightless, the shuttle will need to provide more than just the core physical needs for the astronauts to stay healthy. The weight of the craft is so important that it plays a crucial role in the amount of food supplied by the spacecraft. Most food provided to the astronauts is dehydrated, which is rehydrated by a device that is some what like a water gun, to save space as well as weight. However, some foods are given in their conventional form such as fruits, candy, and bread. Water is usually provided by fuel cells that also provide electricity to the whole ship. The reaction between Hydrogen and oxygen provides the electricity and creates water as well. A small amount of water is also carried onboard in case of emergencies. Water is also recycled on long duration missions aboard space stations. In this process, drinkable water is extracted from a combination of waste water, urine, and moister from the atmosphere in the cabin. This system will be recycled was used on the MIR space station and is planned to be used on the International Space Station. Skylab, the first US space station, was the fist to offer its crew a chance to bathe in space by installing a collapsible shower. To prevent water from escaping and floating around the cabin, the astronauts sealed the shower once inside. Astronauts had a hand-held nozzle to dispense water and then a vacuum to remove the water. On the space shuttle on Mir, where the showers malfunctioned, astronauts and cosmonauts have had to take sponge bathes in order to stay clean. On the International Space Station, showers will be provided in the habitual module. .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d , .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .postImageUrl , .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d , .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d:hover , .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d:visited , .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d:active { border:0!important; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d:active , .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79b230dbc519f2fbb7a7ff8fb500844d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Religion Of Huckleberry Finn Essay PaperMost piloted spacecrafts carry their oxygen in the liquid state of matter in onboard tanks that keep the oxygen at cryogenic or super-cold temperatures to save space on the craft. The Russian space station MIR used special onboard generators to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen. On the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions, the cabin atmosphere consisted of one hundred percent oxygen. This gave the cabin a pressure of 0.3 kg/sq cm (about 5 lbs/sq in). However, on the space shuttle and the MIR space station, the atmosphere is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen to provide an atmospheric pressure of 1.01 kg/sq cm (14.5 lbs/sq in) , which is slightly lower than that of sea level. Before an astronaut could go on space walks, astronauts and cosmonauts had to breathe pure oxygen to rid their bloodstreams of nitrogen. This eliminated the chance that the space walker would get decompression sickness because of the different pressures from the space suit and the cabin. Since the suit had a pressure of 0.30 kg/sq. cm, the sudden decompression would cause nitrogen bubbles to form in the bloodstream and other bodily organs and would result in a painful and potentially lethal condition. This atmospheric mixture is planned to be used in the International Space Station. A problem with micro gravity and weightlessness is that in long duration missions in this type of environment creates problems with the muscles weakening. In space, muscles do not have to exert much force to move and in turn get weaker. This creates a problem with a mission to Mars, the long duration in a weightless environment will weaken the muscles and when craft lands on Mars, the crew will have a difficult time adjusting to the new environment and completing their jobs. To make this problem less severe, scientist are working on a way to create artificial gravity. This will make the environment in which the astronauts travel in more like that of Earth, so when the crew lands on Mars, they will have an easier time adjusting to the gravity of Mars. Space exploration has come a long way since the beginning. mankind has gone to the moon and back, we have sent probes to the furthest reaches of our solar system, we have sent a robot to roam the Martian terrain, we have made spaceships that are reusable, and we can see other galaxies that are billions of light years away. Now we brainstorm on how to explore space even further. Man kind is destined to go to the far reaches of the universe and make contact with other life forms. With all things considered, humans are not far from colonizing space. Bibliographyâ€Å"Space Exploration.† Encarta Encyclopedia. October 2000. Available: http://encata.msn.com/â€Å"NASA Plans to Continue X-33 Space Plane Plan.† NASA. October 2000 Available: http://www.nasa.gov/today/index.htmlâ€Å"NASA, Lockheed Martin Agree on X-33 Plan.† Mission Updates. October 2000 Available: http://www.venturestar.com/pages/missupd/pressrel/2000/09290001.htmlâ€Å"X-33 Space Plane Program Moves Ahead.† X-33 News. October 2000 Available: http://www.x33news.com/ or http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/2000/00-284.htmlâ€Å"Space Exploration.† Academic American Encyclopedia. pg. 120-120c. copyright 1998Science Essays

Corruption in Sri Lanka

Corruption in Sri Lanka Free Online Research Papers The Offence of Corruption Bribery Act 70. Any public servant who, with intent, to cause wrongful or unlawful loss to the Government, or to confer a wrongful or unlawful benefit, favour or advantage on himself or any person, or with knowledge, that any wrongful or unlawful loss will be caused to any person or to the Government, or that any wrongful or unlawful benefit, favour or advantage will be conferred on any person- (a) does, or forbears to do, any act, which he is empowered to do by virtue of his office as a public servant; (b) induces any other public servant to perform, or refrain from performing, any act, which such other public servant is empowered to do by virtue of his office as a public servant; (c) uses any information coming to his knowledge by virtue of his office as a public servant; (d) participates in the making of any decision by virtue of his office as a public servant; (e) induces any other person, by the use, whether directly or indirectly, of his office as such public servant to perform, or refrain from performing, any act, shall be guilty of the offence of corruption and shall upon summary trial and conviction by a Magistrate be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years or to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand rupees or to both such imprisonment and fine. The analysis of section 70 of the Bribery act reveals that the offence of corruption is constituted by the following elements. 1. Public Servant 2. Committed the offence with the intention of causing the following; a. Wrongful or unlawful loss to the government; b. Wrongful or unlawful benefit, favour or advantage on himself or any other person 3. Or, Committed the offence with the knowledge that the following will take place; a. Wrongful or unlawful loss to the government or to any person b. Wrongful or unlawful benefit, favour or advantage on any person 4. Does one or more of the following; a. Does or forbears to do, any act which he is empowered which he is empowered to do by virtue his office as a public servant; b. induces any other public servant to perform, or refrain from performing any act, which such other public servant is empowered to do by virtue of his office as a public servant; c. uses any information coming to his knowledge by virtue of his office as a public servant; d. participates in the making of any decision by virtue of his office as a public servant; e. induces any other person, by the use, whether directly or indirectly, of his office as such public servant to perform, or refrain from performing, any act The mens rea element embedded in the definition warrant a further analysis. According to G.L. Peiris it is sufficient that the accused foresaw that this effect would be caused by the act which he resolves to commit . So long as the accused, with foresight of the consequences, has embarked on a particular course of conduct, it is immaterial to the issue of liability that the accused did not desire the consequences of his conduct. An objective attitude to intention is suggested by the principle that a man is deemed to intend the natural and probable consequences of his acts. However, a subjective approach to intention emerges unequivocally from the judgement Devasundara v Alahakoon . In the recent House of Lords decision on intention, R v Woollin , it was held that the jury must decide whether the accused intended the consequences of his action if the consequence was a virtual certainty and the defendant recognized it as such. In Westminster City Council v Croyagrange Ltd it was held that it was open to the tribunal of fact, when knowledge on the part of a defendant is required to be proved, to base a finding of knowledge on evidence that the Defendant had deliberately shut his eyes to the obvious or refrained from inquiry because he suspected the truth but did not want to have his suspicions confirmed. Research Papers on Corruption in Sri LankaUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Project Managment Office SystemBringing Democracy to AfricaStandardized TestingPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHonest Iagos Truth through Deception

Meaning of Over There, The Famous World War I Song

Meaning of Over There, The Famous World War I Song The song Over There was one of the most famous songs of World War I. Over There proved to be an inspiration both to the young men who were being sent to fight the war as well as to those on the home front who worried about their loved ones. The Meaning Behind the Lyrics On the morning of April 6, 1917, newspaper headlines across America announced the news that the United States had declared war on Germany. While most people who read the newspaper headlines that morning tried to comprehend how their lives were going to change, one man started humming. That may seem like an odd reaction to most people, but not for George M. Cohan. George Cohan was an actor, singer, dancer, songwriter, playwright, and Broadway producer who had composed hundreds of songs, including such famous songs as â€Å"Youre a Grand Old Flag,† â€Å"Marys a Grand Old Name,† Lifes a Funny Proposition After All, â€Å"Give My Regards to Broadway,† and â€Å"Im a Yankee Doodle Dandy.† So it is perhaps not completely surprising that Cohans reaction to reading the headlines that morning was to hum, but few might have expected Cohans humming to be the start of a very popular song. Cohan continued to hum all morning and soon began to compose a few lyrics. By the time Cohan arrived at work that morning, he already had the verses, chorus, tune, and title of what became the very popular Over There. Over There was an instant success, selling over 2 million copies by the end of the war. Perhaps the most popular version of Over There was sung by Nora Bayes, but Enrico Caruso and Billy Murray sang beautiful renditions as well. The song Over There is about the Yanks (the Americans) going over there (across the Atlantic) to help fight the Huns (what the Americans called the Germans at the time) during World War I. In 1936, Cohan was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for writing the song, and it experienced a revival in World War II when the United States again faced Germany in war. Lyrics to Over There Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gunTake it on the run, on the run, on the runHear them calling you and meEvery son of liberty Hurry right away, no delay, go todayMake your daddy glad to have had such a ladTell your sweetheart not to pineTo be proud her boys in line. CHORUS (repeated twice):Over there, over thereSend the word, send the word over thereThat the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are comingThe drums are rum-tumming everywhere So prepare, say a prayerSend the word, send the word to bewareWell be over there, were coming overAnd we wont come back till its over over there.Over there. Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gunJohnnie show the Hun youre a son of a gunHoist the flag and let her flyYankee Doodle do or die Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bitYankees to the ranks from the towns and the tanksMake your mother proud of youAnd the old Red White and Blue. CHORUS (repeated twice):Over there, over thereSend the word, send the word over thereThat the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are comingThe drums are rum-tumming everywhere So prepare, say a prayerSend the word, send the word to bewareWell be over there, were coming overAnd we wont come back till its over over there.Over there.

Internal Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internal Auditing - Essay Example Beyond the intent to commit a fraud intentionally to mislead shareholders and investors, accountants and top executives of a company can sometimes commit unintentional mistakes through a wrong interpretation of an accounting rule. This is why it is terribly important that auditors, accountants, chief executive officers and chief finance officers set the tone for an ethical working environment from start. There are many ways to commit wrongdoing in the accounting profession and the line between what is perfectly legal and an action that borders on the illegal is a very thin one. It is easy to cross over to the illegal side. In relation to this paper, accounting frauds are committed mostly by top executives of a company since they have access to the records and have a good view of how to manipulate the figures to suit their objectives to the detriment of stockholders. In other words, those in positions of trust and least suspected are the ones who commit fraud and it takes an average of two years before a crime is uncovered, sometimes accidentally only. An alarming 9% only of all frauds are discovered by external auditors (who are very good in forensic auditing), 20% discovered by accident and 46% uncovered due to tips given by the whistle blowers. The remainder of accounting frauds goes undetected, perhaps forever. Accountants are required by their professional associations to undertake continuing professional education (CPE) units to retain and renew their licenses. One of the subjects in CPE is a module on accounting ethics. The two most common problematic situations which accountants and auditors frequently encounter during the course of their work are conflict of interest and confidentiality of privileged information. This was what Cynthia Cooper had been dealing with since she was both a certified public accountant (CPA) and the certified internal auditor (CIA) of WorldCom. Her

Summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary and response - Essay Example of the 21st century depends directly on its young generations’ ability to make use of the knowledge that was presented to them in schools and other educational and training institutions. He remarked that not only scientific and technical, but also purely economic and business advancement of the U.S. are strongly dependent on the new generations’ capacity for making rational and creative decisions. And for this end, the high-quality education, and the students’ resolve to attain it, is indispensable. I would note that Barack Obama’s speech underscored the planned administration’s policies aimed at boosting the youngsters’ resolve to follow through their school years without dropping out. The main concern that may have been discerned in the speech is that over the youth’s contribution to the society’s performance in such fields as the economy and science. Both fields are greatly affected by the current crisis; therefore, it is natural that the President should draw attention to them in his